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๐ŸŒ [Network] About Network ๐ŸŒ

๐ŸŒ Network ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ†ต์‹ ๋ง์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Node(Vertex)โ€ข Host(Ex. Server, Client)
โ€ข Network ์žฅ๋น„(Ex. Ethernet Hub, Switch, Router)
Edge(Link)โ€ข ํ†ต์‹  ๋งค์ฒด(์œ ์„ , ๋ฌด์„ )
โ€ข ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€(Ex. File, Web Page, E-mail)

๐ŸŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Network

LAN(Local Area Network)ํ•œ์ •๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ
CAN(Campus Area Network)ํ•™๊ต ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)๋„์‹œ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ
WAN(Wide Area Network)โ€ข ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ LAN์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ
โ€ข ISP(Internet Service Provide; ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์—…์ฒด)๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
โ€ข Ex. Internet

๐ŸŒ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Network

Unicast๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ 1๋Œ€ 1 ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹  ๋ฐฉ์‹
Broadcast์ž์‹ ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  Host์—๊ฒŒ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹
Multicast๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋™์ผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•œ Host์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹
Anycast๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋™์ผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•œ Host ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด Host์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹

๐ŸŒ Network์˜ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€ ๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€ ๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—๋Š” ํšŒ์„  ๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹(Circuit Switching)๊ณผ ํŒจํ‚ท ๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹(Packet Switching)์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํšŒ์„  ๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ž€ Circuit Switch๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Host ์‚ฌ์ด์— 1๋Œ€ 1 ํšŒ์„ ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์„  ๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Host ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์ „์†ก๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์–‘์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํšŒ์„ ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์œจ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์„  ๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” Circuit Switch๋กœ๋Š” ์ „ํ™”๋ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŒจํ‚ท ๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ž€ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ Packet์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ชผ๊ฐ  ํ›„ Packet Switch๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์„  ๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜์‹œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒจํ‚ท ๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” Packet Switch๋กœ๋Š” Router, Switch๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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