Home ๐ŸŒ [Network] TCP/IP Model - Network Layer ๐ŸŒ
Post
Cancel

๐ŸŒ [Network] TCP/IP Model - Network Layer ๐ŸŒ

๐ŸŒ Network Layer

Physical Layer์™€ Data Link Layer๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” LAN์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ์„œ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Network Layer๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ Data Link Layer์˜ MAC Address๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ์†ํ•œ Host์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํŠน์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— IP Address๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.(IP Address๋ฅผ MAC Address๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ)

๐ŸŒ Protocol

๐ŸŒ IP(Internet Protocol)

IP์—๋Š” IP ๋ฒ„์ „ 4(IPv4)์™€ IP ๋ฒ„์ „ 6(IPv6) ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ„์ „์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  IP์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

IP์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ •์˜
IP Addressing(IP ์ฃผ์†Œ ์ง€์ •)IP ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹  ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
IP Fragmentation(IP ๋‹จํŽธํ™”)์ „์†กํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” Packet์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ MTU๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Packet์„ MTU๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

MTU(Maximum Transmission Unit)

  • ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ์ „์†ก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ Packet์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํฌ๊ธฐ(Header ํฌํ•จ)
  • ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ MTU๋Š” $1500$ Byte
  • MTU ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„ Packet์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ

๐ŸŒ IP Address

IP Address๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ Network Address์™€ Host Address๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Network Address๋Š” Network ID, Network Identifier๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ Host๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Host Address๋Š” Host ID, Host Identifier๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํŠน์ • Host๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Host Address๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ถ€ $0$์ธ IP Address๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” Network Address๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  Host Address๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ถ€ $1$์ธ IP Address๋Š” Broadcast๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

IP Address์—์„œ Network Address์™€ Host Address๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Classful Addressing๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ IP Address๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” IP Addressing
Classless AddressingSubnet Mask๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด Network Address์™€ Host Address๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์ง“๋Š” IP Addressing

์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ Host๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” IP Address๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” IP Address๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ์•ฝ๋œ IP AddressDescriptionUsecase
0.0.0.0 / 8This host on this networkHost๊ฐ€ IP Address๋ฅผ ํ• ๋‹น๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ž„์‹œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Œ
0.0.0.0 / 0๋ชจ๋“  ์ž„์˜์˜ IP Address์ฃผ๋กœ Packet์ด ์ด๋™ํ•  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” Routing์—์„œ Default Route๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ
127.0.0.0 / 8Loopback Address | Localhost์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋‚˜ ๋””๋ฒ„๊น… ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

Default Route: Packet์„ ์–ด๋–ค IP Address๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ Packet์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธ

๐ŸŒ Classful Addressing

Classful Addressing์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ IP Address๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” IP Addressing์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ Class๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ IP Address๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Class๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ Host IP ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •ํ•ด Network Address์™€ Host Address๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐ŸŒ Classless Addressing

Classful Addressing์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Class ๋ณ„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ IP Address๊ฐ€ ๋‚ญ๋น„๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ A, B, C Class ์™ธ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด Classelss Addressing ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Subnet Mask๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด Network Address์™€ Hsot Address๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์ง“๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ IP Address์™€ Subnet Mask๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด AND ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Subnet Mask์—์„œ 1์€ Network Address๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  0์€ Host Address๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ย 10 ์ง„์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•CIDR(Classless Inter-Domain Routing Notation)
NotationIP Address & Subnet MaskIP Address / Subnet Mask์˜ 1์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜
Example192.168.219.103 & 255.255.255.0192.168.219.103 / 24

๐ŸŒ Public IP Address VS Private IP Address

ย Public IP AddressPrivate IP Address
์‚ฌ์šฉ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ต์‹ (Internet)ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‚ฌ์„ค Network์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ IP Address
ํ• ๋‹นISP(Internet Service Provider)๋‚˜ ๊ณต์ด IP ์ฃผ์†Œ ํ• ๋‹น ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ• ๋‹นRouter๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ• ๋‹น
ํŠน์ง•์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ณ ์œ โ€ข ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ IP Address์™€ ์ค‘๋ณต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ
โ€ข ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด NAT ์‚ฌ์šฉ
  • NAT(Network Address Translation): NAT ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์ฃผ๋กœ Private IP Address์™€ Public IP Address๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
  • NAPT(Network Address Port Translation) ํ˜น์€ APT(Address Port Translation): ํฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ Public IP Address๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ Private IP Address๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” NAT์˜ ์ผ์ข…

๐ŸŒ Static IP Address VS Dynamic IP Address

ย Static IP AddressDynamic IP address
์ •์˜Host์— ์ง์ ‘ IP Address๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ง์ ‘ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  IP Address๊ฐ€ ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ• ๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹
ํŠน์ง•ย โ€ข ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšŒ์ˆ˜
โ€ข ํ• ๋‹น๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ IP Address๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ
โ€ข Dynamic IP Address๋ฅผ ํ• ๋‹นํ•  ๋•Œ DHCP๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

๐ŸŒ DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

DHCP๋Š” Host๊ฐ€ Dynamic IP Address๋ฅผ ํ• ๋‹น๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

DHCP๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Dynamic IP Address๋ฅผ ํ• ๋‹น ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

MessageClient โ†” DHCP ServerDescription
1๏ธโƒฃ DHCP DiscoverClient โžœ DHCP Serverโ€ข Client๋Š” DHCP Discover ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ Broadcast๋กœ ์ „์†กํ•˜์—ฌ DHCP Server๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์Œ
โ€ข Client๋Š” ์•„์ง IP Address๋ฅผ ํ• ๋‹น ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ DHCP Discover ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€์˜ ์†ก์‹ ์ง€ IP Address๋Š” $0.0.0.0$์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •
2๏ธโƒฃ DHCP OfferDHCP Server โžœ ClientDHCP Discover ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฐ›์€ DHCP Server๋Š” Client์—๊ฒŒ ํ• ๋‹นํ•ด ์ค„ IP Address๊ฐ€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€์ง€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” DHCP Offer ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „์†ก
3๏ธโƒฃ DHCP RequestClient โžœ DHCP Server์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐ›์€ IP Address๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋ฌป๋Š” DHCP Request ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ Broadcast๋กœ ์ „์†ก
4๏ธโƒฃ DHCP ACKDHCP Server โžœ ClientDHCP Server๋Š” ์ตœ์ข… ์Šน์ธํ•˜๋Š” DHCP ACK ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•˜๊ณ  Client๋Š” ํ• ๋‹น ๋ฐ›์€ IP Address๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ IP Address๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๋’ค ์ž„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ IP Address๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
โœš Lease Renewalย IP Address์˜ ์ž„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž„๋Œ€ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ IP Address๋Š” DHCP Server์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉ

๐ŸŒ ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)

ARP๋Š” IP Address๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด MAC Address๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ARP๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋™์ผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” Host์˜ IP Address๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด MAC Address๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ARP์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

MessageDescription
ARP ์š”์ฒญ(ARP Request)๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  Host์—๊ฒŒ Broadcast ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ„
ARP ์‘๋‹ต(ARP Reply)IP Address๊ฐ€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” Host๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ MAC Address๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์€ Unicast ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ARP Request๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ–ˆ๋˜ Host์—๊ฒŒ ์ „์†ก
ARP ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ๊ฐฑ์‹ 
(ARP Table, ARP Cache, ARP Cache Table)
โ€ข ARP Request๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ–ˆ๋˜ Host๋Š” ARP Reply๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ Host์˜ IP Address์™€ MAC Address๋ฅผ ARP Table์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€
โ€ข ARP Table์€ ์ผ์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์‚ญ์ œ๋˜๊ณ , ์ž„์˜๋กœ ์‚ญ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋™์ผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ MAC ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ARP๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Router๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ARP ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐ŸŒ Routing Protocol

Routing Protocol์€ Router๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ Packet์ด ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Routing Protocol์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ AS ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด IGP, AS ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด EGP๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

IGP(Interior Gateway Protocol)EGP(Exterior Gateway Protocol)
RIP(Routing Information Protocol)BGP(Border Gateway Protocol)
LSRP(Link State Routing Protocol)ย 

AS(Autonomous System)

  • ๋™์ผํ•œ Routing ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์šด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” Router๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ
  • Router๋“ค์€ AS ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ๋งŒ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ASBF(AS Boundary Router)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด AS ์™ธ๋ถ€์™€๋„ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐ŸŒ IGP(Interior Gateway Protocol)

๐ŸŒ RIP(Routing Information Protocol)

RIP๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ Router๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ Routing Table์„ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Router๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€์˜ Hop ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ RIP๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ค‘ Hop ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Hop: Packet์ด Host ๋˜๋Š” Router์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

LSRP๋Š” OSPF(Open Shortest Path First)๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Router๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ LSDB(Link State DB)์— ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  Router๋Š” LSDB๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ง€๋„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๋’ค์— ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ Metric์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์ด ๋†’์€ Link์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก Metric์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์ด ํฐ Link๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

LSRP๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” AS๋ฅผ area๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ area ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ๋งŒ Link State๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ABR(Area Border Router)๊ฐ€ area ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Link State๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” area์—์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ Routing Table์„ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐ŸŒ EGP(Exteriror Gateway Protocol)

๐ŸŒ BGP(Border Gateway Protocol)

AS ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BGP๋Š” AS๊ฐ„ Routing์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋  Router์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ AS์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  RIP(Routing Information Protocol)์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ, ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

BGP์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

BGP ์ข…๋ฅ˜์„ค๋ช…
eBGP(External BGP)AS ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ BGP
iBGP(Internal BGP)AS ๋‚ด์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ BGP

์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ BGP๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€ ์ฃผ์†Œ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ BGP์˜ ์†์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

BGP ์†์„ฑย 
AS-PATH๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” AS๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก
NEXT-HOP๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์น  Router์˜ IP Address๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„
LOCAL-PREF(LOCAL PREFerence)AS ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ์žˆ์–ด AS๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์†์„ฑ

๐ŸŒ IPv4

IPv4 Address๋Š” 4 Byte(32 Bit)๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๊ณ , 0 ~ 255 ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์˜ 10์ง„์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ 10์ง„์ˆ˜๋Š” .์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋ฉฐ, .์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ 8 Bit๋ฅผ Octet์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐ŸŒ IPv4 Packet

IPv4 Packet์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ IPv4 Header์™€ IPv4 Payload๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ IPv4 Header๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

IPv4 Header ์ค‘ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

IPv4 Packet

Header์„ค๋ช…
์‹๋ณ„์ž(Identifier)โ€ข Packet์— ํ• ๋‹น๋œ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ
โ€ข ๋‹จํŽธํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ IPv4 Packet๋“ค์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ
ํ”Œ๋ž˜๊ทธ(Flag)โ€ข ์ด 3๊ฐœ์˜ Bit๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ํ•„๋“œ
โ€ข ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ Bit: ํ•ญ์ƒ 0์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๋œ Bit๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ
โ€ข ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ Bit: DF(Donโ€™t Fragment)๋กœ $1$์ด๋ฉด IP ๋‹จํŽธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  $0$์ด๋ฉด IP ๋‹จํŽธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œ
โ€ข ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ Bit: MF(More Fragment)๋กœ $1$์ด๋ฉด ์ชผ๊ฐœ์ง„ Packet์ด ๋” ์žˆ๊ณ  $0$์ด๋ฉด ํ•ด๋‹น Packet์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์ž„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•จ
๋‹จํŽธํ™” ์˜คํ”„์…‹(Fragment Offset)โ€ข Packet์ด ๋‹จํŽธํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•ด๋‹น Packet์ด ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์งธ Packet์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„
โ€ข ๋‹จํŽธํ™”๋˜์–ด ์ „์†ก๋˜๋Š” Packet๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€์— ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ
TTL(Time To Live)โ€ข๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธํ•œ Packet์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ƒ์— ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ
โ€ข TTL์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ Hop๋งˆ๋‹ค 1์”ฉ ๊ฐ์†Œ
โ€ข TTL์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด 0์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ํ•ด๋‹น Packet์€ ํ๊ธฐ
Protocolโ€ข ์ƒ์œ„ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ•„๋“œ
โ€ข Ex. TCP - 6, UDP - 17
Source IP Address์†ก์‹ ์ง€ IP Address
Destination IP Address์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€ IP Address

Hop: Packet์ด Host ๋˜๋Š” Router์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

๐ŸŒ IPv6

ํ• ๋‹น ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ IPv4 ์ฃผ์†Œ๋Š” ์ด $2^32$๊ฐœ๋กœ ์•ฝ $43$์–ต๊ฐœ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ $43$์–ต๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ„ฑ์—†์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด IPv6์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

IPv6 ์ฃผ์†Œ๋Š” $16$ Byte($128$ Bit)๋กœ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ฝœ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ $8$๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ $16$์ง„์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ• ๋‹น ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ IPv6 ์ฃผ์†Œ๋Š” ์ด $2^128$๊ฐœ๋กœ IPv4์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐ŸŒ IPv6 Packet

IPv6 Packet์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ Header, ํ™•์žฅ Header, Payload๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ IPv4์— ๋น„ํ•ด IPv6 Packet์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ IPv4์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ $40$ Byte๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ Header์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

IPv6 Header ์ค‘ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

IPv6 Packet

Header์„ค๋ช…
๋‹ค์Œ ํ—ค๋”(Next Header)โ€ข ์ƒ์œ„ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ Protocol์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™•์žฅ Header๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ด
โ€ข ํ™•์žฅ Header๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ Header์™€ Payload ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ Header๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ
Hop LimitIPv4 Packet์˜ TTL์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ Packet์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„
Source Address์†ก์‹ ์ง€ IP Address
Destination Address์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€ IP Address

ํ™•์žฅ Header์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ™•์žฅ Header์„ค๋ช…
Hop-by-Hop Options์†ก์‹ ์ง€์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ Packet์„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ
Destination Options์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€์—์„œ๋งŒ Packet์„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ
RoutingRouting ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์šด๋ฐ˜
Fragment๋‹จํŽธํ™”
EXP(Encapsulating Security Payload)
&
AH(Authentication Header)
์•”ํ˜ธํ™”์™€ ์ธ์ฆ

IPv6๋Š” IPv4์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ Header์— ๋‹จํŽธํ™” ๊ด€๋ จ ํ•„๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ , ๋‹จํŽธํ™” ํ™•์žฅ Header๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹จํŽธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‹จํŽธํ™” ํ™•์žฅ Header(Fragment Extension Header)์˜ ์ƒ์„ธ ํฌํ•จ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Fragment Extension Header

Reserved0์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ
Res0์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ
M FlagIPv4์˜ MF(More Fragment) Flag์—ญํ• 
IdentificationIPv4์˜ Identifier ์—ญํ• 

๐ŸŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์žฅ๋น„ - Router

Router์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ Packet์ด ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๋’ค ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ Packet์„ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” Routing์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐ŸŒ Routing Table

Routing์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ Router๊ฐ€ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” Routing Table์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Routing Table์ด๋ž€ ํŠน์ • ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‹œํ•œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ‘œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Router๋Š” Routing Table์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋„๋‹ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ Routing ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, Host ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Routing Table์˜ ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํฌํ•จ ์ •๋ณด์„ค๋ช…
Destination IP Address
&
Subnet Mask
์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ Packet์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ๋Œ€์ƒ
Next Hop(Gateway)์ตœ์ข… ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•  Host์˜ IP Address๋‚˜ Interface๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธ
Network Interfaceโ€ข Packet์„ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ผ ํ†ต๋กœ
โ€ข NIC(Network Interface Controller) ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ Interface์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” IP Address๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•จ
Metricโ€ข ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ
โ€ข Routing Table์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์ค‘ Packet์„ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ผ ๋•Œ Metric์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธ

Routing Table์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Routing Table ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ค๋ช…
Static Routing์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ์ฑ„์›Œ ๋„ฃ์€ Routing Table์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ Routing ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹
Dynamic Routingโ€ข ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ Routing Tableํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Routingํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹
โ€ข Routing Table์ด ์ˆ˜์‹œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•จ
โ€ข ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋”์šฑ ํŽธ๋ฆฌ
โ€ข Routing Protocol ์‚ฌ์šฉ
This post is licensed under CC BY 4.0 by the author.

๐ŸŒ [Network] TCP/IP Model - Data Link Layer ๐ŸŒ

๐ŸŒ [Network] TCP/IP Model - Transport Layer ๐ŸŒ